{"id":90736,"date":"2021-03-11T21:05:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T02:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/"},"modified":"2023-10-07T23:10:28","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T03:10:28","slug":"the-poor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/","title":{"rendered":"The Poor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Deuteronomy\n15:11: \u201cFor the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command\nthee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor,\nand to thy needy, in thy land.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In America, \u201cpoor and oppressed\u201d is a political code phrase.\u00a0Every society has its poverty and oppression.\u00a0For some, it is a demand of change to the \u201csystem\u201d including government and corporate entities while for others it is a demand for change within individuals \u2013 both those who are poor as well as those who are comparatively wealthy to assist the less fortunate.\u00a0A third entity, overcome by the needs (and therefore demands) simply capitulate to this world system and its anticipated injustices and look to Christ\u2019s return and Millennial Kingdom to solve the challenge.\u00a0What must the Christian\u2019s attitude toward poverty and the poor be?\u00a0Are we to seek social or personal solutions?\u00a0Or, is poverty not an issue for believers at all?\u00a0 To determine the Biblical answer, we look to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Historical Context:\u00a0 Written in 1410 B.C., Moses authored the Book of Deuteronomy, which is in fact a collection of his sermons to Israel just before they crossed the Jordan. \u201cThese are the words which Moses spoke\u201d (1:1). Someone else (Joshua, perhaps) may have written the last chapter.\u00a0The book of Deuteronomy was given to remind them of God\u2019s law and God\u2019s power.\u00a0The Israelites are commanded to remember four things: God\u2019s faithfulness, God\u2019s holiness, God\u2019s blessings, and God\u2019s warnings. Given the poor are specifically addressed within the repetition of the law (chapters 5 \u2013 26), the condition and the treatment of the poor are of significant interest to God and therefore should be of significant interest to God\u2019s people.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Grammatical Usage: two different Hebrew words are used for \u201cpoor\u201d \u2013 first is \u201c\u2019\u2019ebyon\u201d or lacking in a material sense such as lost ancestral land (Ex 23:11) or reverted to barrowing (Dt 15:7,9, 11), without clothing (Job 21:19), lacking food (Ps 132:15) or simply fallen on hard times (Job 30:25); the second appearance of \u201cpoor\u201d in v. 11 is \u201cani\u201d which is a reference to those who are materially poor but also weak, afflicted and humble.\u00a0\u201cAni\u201d is often coupled with \u201c\u2019ebyon\u201d in that \u201cani\u201d lives day to day and socially defenseless and subject to oppression.\u00a0Consequently the two words combined express difficulty accompanying a lack of material possessions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Literal Application: \u201cFor those who lack material possessions and\nsustenance shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying,\nThou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to those in such a humbled,\nweakened and afflicted state, and to thy needy, in thy land.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Contextual\nInterpretation: This verse, the initial of many, affirms the fact that there\nwill always exist those of a depleted material state who require assistance, a\nresult of the fall when man was cursed with earning his living and the\nassociated complications.&nbsp; However Isaiah\nrefers to the needy as the firstborn (favored ones) of God (Is 25:4) which is\nwhy such provision for the poor and needy is commanded.&nbsp; God is set forth as the protector and\ndeliverer of the afflicted, and He enjoins His people to be the same.&nbsp; So the one who complies is considered godly\n(Ez 18:17), while those who do not are considered ungodly (Job 24:9; Pr 14:21;\nIs 58:7).&nbsp; \u201cAni\u201d can also describe the\none afflicted physically as with the Exile (Is 51:21) or by sickness (Ps\n88:15).&nbsp; Often physical affliction is\ntied to spiritual affliction (Ps 22:24).&nbsp;\nGod\u2019s people are frequently described as afflicted (Ps 68:10) but God\ndoes not forget them (Ps 9:18; 74:19), has pity on them (Is 49:13), saves them\n(Ps 34:6), delivers them (Ps 35:10) and bestows favors upon them (Ps 72:2,\n4).&nbsp; The reason for their favor with God\nhas to do with their humbleness in contrast to scoffers (Pr 3:34; James 4:6)\nand the haughty (Ps 18:27; 2 Sam 22:28).&nbsp;\nSuch a one has a contrite spirit (Is 66:2), is God\u2019s turtledove (Ps\n74:19), trusts God (Ps 14:6) and is assured of deliverance (2 Sam 22:28). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Scriptural Comparison: It\nis critical to understand both the Old Testament (\u201cOT\u201d) and New Testament\n(\u201cNT\u201d) perspectives on the poor:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>OT: Hebrew words for \u201cpoor\u201d &#038; \u201cpoverty\u201d are extensive\nand lends insight to the state of a person who lives in any society w\/out\nmaterial resources:\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cDal\u201d or \u201cpoor,\u201d\nappearing 50 times, is a social term referring to the lower class lacking\nmaterial wealth.&nbsp; \u201cDallah\u201d means\n\u201cpoorest\u201d.&nbsp; Both refer to material lack\n(Ex. 23:3; 30:15; Lev. 14:21; Pro. 10:1:15, Jer. 5:4, Am 2:7, etc.);&nbsp; seldom spiritual poverty (2 Sa. 3:1; 13:3;\nZep. 3:12);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cAni\u201d emphasizes the pain\nof the financially oppressed poor, to afflict, socially powerless, painful\nsubmission (Ex 22:25; Lev. 19:10; Ps. 102);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cEbyon\u201d connotes dire\nwant in a material way (Ps 132:5).&nbsp; 23 of\nthe 61 occurrences are in the Psalms referring to a righteous person suffering\nloss because of wicked enemies after which God is the sole source of help (Ex\n23:6, 11; Dt. 15:4, 7, 9; Ps 37:14; 40:17; 109:31; Jer 2:34; Ez 16:49);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cRus\u201d appearing 32 times,\nmeans deep poverty which keeps one in a lower class (1 Sa 18:23; 2 Sa 12:1, 3,\n4; Ps 82:3; Pr. 10:4, 15; Ec 4:14, 5:8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taken together, the poor\nare in need, lack basic resources, defenseless, likely to be treated unfairly\njudiciously (Dt 15:1-4), stripped of individual rights, respect as a person,\nposition within society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>To some poverty is an individual fault, others a social\ninjustice.\u00a0 In the OT:\n<ul>\n<li>Proverbs has a strong\nemphasis upon individual responsibility (Pr 10:4; 20:13; 21:17; 23:21) where\nnegative choices results in poverty;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proverbs also recognizes\nlack of personal control over poverty (Pr 13:23);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most common is the\nlatter resulting in Zec 7:9-10 as remedy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taken together, a clear\nrelationship between poverty and oppression exists<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Social responsibility for the poor in the OT theocracy:\n<ul>\n<li>God structured and\ngoverned society with emphasis upon the poor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justice system: no\nperversion based upon social standing\/partiality (Lv 19:15; Ex 23:3, 6);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capital preservation:\nland rented someone\u2019s use, not permanently sold (Lev 25:23, 24);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Voluntary servitude:\nindenture oneself, not a permanent sale of oneself (Dt 15:12-18; Lev 25:39-54);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide necessities: two\nlegal provisions for food included the 7<sup>th<\/sup> year furlough (Ex 23:10,\n11) &amp; annual gleaning (Lev 19:10; 23:22); <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interest-free, forgivable\nloans (Lev 25:35-37) to become contributors;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organized collections:\nfor aliens, fatherless and widows (Dt 14:28, 29)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Personal responsibility for the poor in the OT theocracy:\n<ul>\n<li>Crucial is a loving\nattitude (Dt 15:7-11);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Job was one of the few\nwho demonstrated compassion (Job 29:11-17; 30:25; 31:16-21);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Due to Israel\u2019s\nabdication of responsibility, God Himself takes the part of the dispossessed\nand (1) judges on behalf of the poor [Ps 82] &amp; (2) in the future acts on\ntheir behalf [Is 11:4];<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therefore, the righteous is concerned for the rights\nof the poor, the wicked does not understand such concern (Proverbs 29:7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In the OT, God expects social structures and the\nfellowship to provide for the poor and needy as well as personal actions\nreflecting assistance and compassion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>NT: Greek words for \u201cpoor\u201d and \u201cpoverty\u201d concern members\nof the church:\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cpenes\/penichos\u201d indicate\nthose of lesser means unable to live off the land but working for a wage \u2013 most\nfreemen fell into this category.&nbsp; These\nwords appear only in Lk 21:2 &amp; 2 Co 9:9;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cPtochos\u201d, occurring 34\ntimes, refers to beggarly status forced to depend upon others to live;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is striking to learn\nthat during Jesus\u2019 years of ministry He went from being a member of the poor\n\u201cpenes\u201d class, earning His was as a carpenter, to the state of the truly\n\u201cptochos\u201d or dependent upon others for support (2 Co 8:9; Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly, in order to\nfollow Him and to live a life of dependency, Christ\u2019s disciples left employment\n(Mt 4:18-22; Mk 1:16-20; Lk 5:1-11, 27-29) and made the choice to trust in\nGod\u2019s care (Mt 6:25-33)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>The poor within the NT Church are contrasted not compared\nto the OT:\n<ul>\n<li>While the OT links social\npoverty with oppression and establishes social remedies, the NT does not.&nbsp; Israel was a state as well as faith\nfellowship, Christians are not a state but are a faith fellowship within a\nvariety of societies and cultures.&nbsp;\nChristians may have influence over society but the Church is not\nenvisioned as a state and therefore not commended to solve a state issue;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social class differences\nare assumed in the NT, but not recognized or considered within the fellowship\n(Jas 2:1-7; Gal 3:28; Rom 12:12, 13);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesus recognized the poor\nand the causes of such varied, but did not issue an endorsement of poverty or\nencouraged nothing to be done about poverty (Jn 12:8; Mk 14:7);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT focuses upon the\ncollective fellowship response to the poor (Ro 15:25-28; 1 Cor 16:1-4; 2 Co\n8:1-7; Gal 2:10);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT focuses upon the\nindividual believer response to poor in the fellowship (Jas 2:14-16; 1 Jn\n3:16-18; 1 Ti 5:1-16);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT focuses upon\ncollective\/individual response to poor outside the fellowship with preference\ngiven to fellow believers (Ac 2:45; Ac 6:1-7; Mt 25:40 \u2013 Jesus\u2019 emphasis was\nupon the Jewish people, but not precluding Gentiles);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT focuses upon meeting\nhuman need, not institutional support (2 Co 8-9);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT exhorts to do good to\nall people, but especially to believers (Gal 6:10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT does not command\nredistribution of wealth within society<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NT emphasis is not\nassistance via institutions but deep personal caring and contact with the needy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the New Testament, prosperity is not proof of\neither piety (Luke 6:24) or carnality (Matthew 27:57), but a matter of calling,\ntoward which the poor and the prosperous must have the right perspective (Ja\n1:9-11)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With either poverty or prosperity we must learn the\nsecret of contentment (Philippians 4:12-13)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wealth is to be employed in ministry to others (I\nTimothy 6:17-19). Poverty does not prohibit a genuine desire to minister (cf. I\nKings 17:8-16; Mark 12:41-44; II Corinthians 8:1-5), while prosperity provides\ngreater opportunity and greater responsibility (I Timothy 6:17-19; cf. Matthew\n13:12; Luke 12: 47-48)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poverty is not viewed as an intrinsic evil that must be abolished.&nbsp; It is\nnot a pleasant state, but neither is it an intolerable one (cf. Philippians\n4:12-13). Our Lord became poor so that we might be made rich (II Corinthians\n8:9), and so also the apostle Paul experienced poverty (II Corinthians 6:4-5,\netc.).&nbsp; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wealth, actual or\ndesired, is evil when it receives an undue amount of our thought and concern\n(Matthew 6:24-34), when it is given excess importance (Luke 16:10-11, 14), when\nit is wrongfully gained (Luke 3:13-14), selfishly stored up (Matthew 6:19-21;\nLuke 12:13-21), or sinfully squandered (Luke l5:11ff.; James 5:5). It is evil\nif we find our security in it (Matthew 19:16-22; I Timothy 6:17). But poverty\nis likewise evil if it is the result of lack of consideration or responsibility\n(I Timothy 5:8) or lack of diligence (2 Thessalonians 3:6-15). Poverty, like\nprosperity, is neither good nor evil, except as we view it and use it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conclusion: We have a wide range of\nresponsibilities to the poor because there are a wide variety of reasons for\npoverty. To those who are willfully poor, that is, those who will not work, we\nhave no obligation but to rebuke them. We must allow their hunger to prod them\ninto activity. For those who are temporarily without funds, we should loan them\nmoney with the expectation of being paid back, but not with interest. Others\nwho are completely helpless should be given what they need with no thought of\nrepayment. And for some of those in Old Testament times, the faithful\nIsraelites were not only to buy their goods, but purchase them as a servant\n(Leviticus 25:39ff.) which is to gainfully employ.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Two primary goals should be fixed in our mind regarding charity that really benefits the recipient: First, it should seek to preserve the dignity of the needy; and second, it should promote the diligence of the needy.\u00a0 In our time, we are sometimes encouraged to harvest the grain for the poor, thresh and grind it, bake it and deliver it hot and buttered. The dignity of the destitute demands that they be allowed to work for what they get if at all possible. Love must be exercised in \u201creal knowledge and discernment\u201d (Philippians 1:9). Sentimentality may make us feel good at the expense of the poor. Wisdom seeks to help the poor in such a way as to maintain their personal dignity and encourage continued diligence on their part to be released from their economic dependence on others. Those widows in the New Testament who were totally cared for by the church were a very small and select group, while the rest were cared for short term or by their families (I Timothy 5:3-16). Deadbeats deserve only discipline (2 Thessalonians 3 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deuteronomy 15:11: \u201cFor the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land.\u201d In America, \u201cpoor and oppressed\u201d is a political code phrase.\u00a0Every society has its poverty and oppression.\u00a0For some, it is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[526,534],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Poor - Grace Evangelical Free Church<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Poor - Grace Evangelical Free Church\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deuteronomy 15:11: \u201cFor the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land.\u201d In America, \u201cpoor and oppressed\u201d is a political code phrase.\u00a0Every society has its poverty and oppression.\u00a0For some, it is [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grace Evangelical Free Church\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-12T02:05:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-10-08T03:10:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tony Raker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tony Raker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tony Raker\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/#\/schema\/person\/6785bcea471ae92fb3660d811c5c74ef\"},\"headline\":\"The Poor\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-12T02:05:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-10-08T03:10:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/the-poor\/\"},\"wordCount\":2046,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/keriritenour.com\/grace\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Issues &amp; 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